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JAC Advance Access originally published online on July 27, 2009
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2009 64(4):723-730; doi:10.1093/jac/dkp249
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© Canadian Crown Copyright 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Original research

Characterization of Canadian cefoxitin-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates, 2005–06

L. F. Mataseje1,2, J. Xiao3, S. Kost1, L.-K. Ng1,2, K. Doré4, M. R. Mulvey1,2,* and on behalf of the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network (CPHLN){dagger}

1 University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada 2 National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Canada 3 Bao'an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China 4 Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada

Received 6 April 2009; returned 12 May 2009; revised 19 June 2009; accepted 22 June 2009

* Corresponding author. National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Canada. Tel: +1-204-789-5000; Fax: +1-204-789-5020; E-mail: Michael_Mulvey{at}phac-aspc.gc.ca

Objectives: Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has increased in Salmonella worldwide, and is a concern in both hospital and community settings. The aim of this report was to investigate cefoxitin-resistant Salmonella isolates identified from human clinical cases across Canada.

Methods: Cefoxitin-resistant isolates, defined as having an MIC ≥ 32 mg/L, were screened for the ampC classes DHA, FOX, ENT and CIT in a multiplex PCR followed by sequence analysis. Plasmid analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and replicon typing was performed on a convenience sample of cefoxitin-resistant Salmonella.

Results: In 2005, 5.3% (181/3442) and in 2006, 3.1% (102/3250) of Salmonella isolates collected from all provinces across Canada displayed cefoxitin resistance. Seventy-one out of 283 (25.1%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), as defined by resistance to at least three different antibiotic classes. The blaCMY-2 gene was harboured by 96.8% (274/283) of the cefoxitin-resistant isolates. Analysis of CMY-2 plasmids revealed that 19.7% contained genes conferring resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Replicon typing of transformant CMY-2 plasmid DNA revealed the predominance of I1-I{gamma} and A/C. Of the MDR CMY-2 plasmids, 75% contained replicon type A/C. RFLP patterns of CMY-2 plasmids revealed clusters corresponding to the I1-I{gamma} and A/C replicon types.

Conclusions: Incompatibility group I1-I{gamma} is the most prevalent of the Salmonella CMY-2 plasmids, while A/C is associated with MDR CMY-2 plasmids.

Keywords: β-lactamases , plasmids , replicon typing

{dagger} Members of the CPHLN are listed in the Acknowledgements section.


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