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JAC Advance Access originally published online on November 14, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2009 63(2):256-259; doi:10.1093/jac/dkn475
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Original research

Evidence for recombination among the alleles encoding TEM and SHV β-lactamases

Miriam Barlow*, Javad Fatollahi and Merijn Salverda{dagger}

School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA

Received 16 July 2008; returned 9 September 2008; revised 17 October 2008; accepted 22 October 2008

* Corresponding author. Tel: +1-209-228-4174; Fax: +1-209-228-4060; E-mail: mbarlow{at}ucmerced.edu

Objectives: The objective of this research was to determine whether recombination occurs in class A β-lactamases.

Methods: We performed {chi}2 analysis of the observed and expected numbers of times that β-lactamases from the TEM, SHV and CTX-M groups co-occurred. Additionally, we performed phylogenetic analysis to detect independent occurrences of silent mutations in blaTEM and blaSHV variants.

Results: We found that the distribution of co-occurring blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M alleles in clinical microbial populations is consistent with the regular occurrence of recombination among alleles within the groups. We also found that the distribution of silent mutations in blaTEM and blaSHV alleles is inconsistent with spontaneous point mutations.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that recombination has an important effect on the sequence evolution and population distribution of the alleles that encode class A β-lactamases.

Keywords: penicillins , antibiotic resistance , ESBLs

{dagger} Present address: Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.


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