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JAC Advance Access originally published online on September 26, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2008 62(6):1298-1300; doi:10.1093/jac/dkn408
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Original research

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolates from commercial poultry suppliers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

L. A. Bester1,* and S. Y. Essack2

1 Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa 2 Antibiotic Resistance Research Proto-Unit, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa

Received 13 August 2008; returned 19 August 2008; revised 25 August 2008; accepted 29 August 2008

* Corresponding author. Tel: +27-31-2607671; Fax: +27-31-2607730; E-mail: besterl{at}ukzn.ac.za

Objectives: Campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler and layer chickens from registered abattoirs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, were tested for their susceptibility to eight antibiotics.

Methods: Using agar dilution, susceptibility to eight antibiotics was determined for C. jejuni recovered from the caeca.

Results: A total of 155 isolates were collected of which 77 were identified as C. jejuni (broilers n = 56 and layers n = 21). Resistance was highest to tetracycline (broilers 98.2% and layers 100%) and ceftriaxone (broilers 96.4% and layers 100%). High susceptibility was found to ciprofloxacin (broilers 91% and layers 76%) and gentamicin (broilers 98% and layers 81%). Susceptibilities to each of the antibiotics for the broilers and layers, respectively, were: 50% and 57% for erythromycin, 45% and 24% for clarithromycin, 68% and 43% for ampicillin and 64% and 48% for nalidixic acid. Statistically significant differences were detected for the MIC50 of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline between broilers and layers (P < 0.001) with the MIC90 of gentamicin also of significant difference (P = 0.01). Multiresistance was detected in 23% and 43% of the isolates from broiler and layer chickens, respectively.

Conclusions: Mass therapy procedures used in animal husbandry have a potential impact on antibiotic resistance development in C. jejuni.

Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni , antimicrobial resistance surveillance , food animals , growth promoters , animal reservoirs


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