JAC Advance Access originally published online on January 25, 2008
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2008 61(3):504-508; doi:10.1093/jac/dkm517
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Original research |
Imported chicken meat as a potential source of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the UK
1 Microbiology Laboratory, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury SY3 8XQ, UK 2 Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 3 West Midlands Health Protection Agency, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK 4 Antibiotic Resistance and Monitoring Reference Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
Received 23 September 2007; returned 4 December 2007; revised 4 October 2007; accepted 5 December 2007
* Corresponding author. Tel: +44-1743-261163; Fax: +44-1743-261165; E-mail: roderic.warren{at}homecall.co.uk
Objectives: Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-15 enzyme began to rapidly spread in the UK from around 2003 but other types also occur, notably CTX-M-14. We examined breasts from UK-reared (n = 62) and imported (n = 27) chickens as potential sources of quinolone-resistant E. coli with blaCTX-M genes. A further 40 samples for which the country of rearing could not be identified were examined.
Methods: During 2006, 129 fresh and frozen chicken breast fillets were purchased from retail outlets in the West Midlands. These were cultured for E. coli on CLED agar containing 8 mg/L ciprofloxacin and carrying a 10 µg cefpodoxime disc. Resistant isolates were identified and typed by RAPD fingerprinting; blaCTX-M was identified by PCR and genotyped by reverse-line hybridization.
Results: The country of rearing was identified from the packaging for 89 of 129 purchased samples. Only one of the 62 UK-reared chicken samples carried E. coli producing a CTX-M-1 enzyme, whereas 10 of 27 samples reared overseas had E. coli with CTX-M enzymes. Specifically, 4/10 Brazilian, 3/4 Brazilian/Polish/French, and 2/2 Dutch samples had E. coli with CTX-M-2 enzymes. Six of 40 samples for which the country of rearing was not known had producers of CTX-M enzymes, 5 of them with CTX-M-14.
Conclusions: Quinolone-resistant E. coli with various CTX-M β-lactamase genes that are common in human infections worldwide were found in imported chicken breasts, indicating a possible source for gut colonization. Samples from Brazil were commonly positive for E. coli with CTX-M-2, the dominant blaCTX-M genotype from human infections in South America, which is currently rare in clinical infections in the UK. CTX-M-15, the dominant CTX-M type in human infections in the UK, was not found in chicken isolates, suggesting that the UK-reared chickens are not a reservoir of CTX-M-15.
Keywords: ESBLs , food , quinolones , Enterobacteriaceae
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