JAC Advance Access originally published online on July 1, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2006 58(3):537-542; doi:10.1093/jac/dkl273
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High prevalence of OXA-51-type class D ß-lactamases among ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp.: co-existence with OXA-58 in multiple centres
1 Enfeksiyon Hast. & Klin Mikrobiyoloji AD, Kocaeli Universitesi Kocaeli, Turkey 2 Mikrobiyoloji. & Klin Mikrobiyoloji AD, Kocaeli Universitesi Kocaeli, Turkey 3 Tibbi Biyoloji AD, Kocaeli Universitesi Kocaeli, Turkey 4 Biofizik AD, Kocaeli Universitesi Kocaeli, Turkey 5 Mikrobiyoloji. & Klin Mikrobiyoloji AD, Ondokuzmayis Universitesi Samsun, Turkey
Received 29 March 2006; returned 3 May 2006; revised 15 May 2006; accepted 1 June 2006
*Correspondence address. Kocaeli Tip Fakultesi, Umuttepe Kampusu, 41300, Kocaeli, Turkey. Tel: +90-262-3037560; Fax: +90-262-3037002; E-mail: vahabo{at}hotmail.com
Objectives: This study was designed to demonstrate the prevalence of the newly discovered carbapenem-hydrolysing class D enzymes, OXA-51-type and OXA-58, among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp.
Methods: A total of 72 isolates from six centres were studied. Isolates were screened by PCR with specific primers for blaOXA-51-type and blaOXA-58. PCR products were sequence-analysed. Plasmids were digested with EcoRV and genomic DNAs were digested with PvuII. Hybridization experiments were done with digoxigenin-labelled specific probes. Macro-restriction analysis was done on SmaI-digested genomic DNAs.
Results: A total of 56 (77.8%) isolates were positive for blaOXA-51-type genes. Sequence analysis of the products from 23 selected isolates revealed the occurrence of multiple alleles in all contributing centres. The blaOXA-58 gene was detected among 10 isolates from five centres. All were also positive for blaOXA-51-type genes. Among the blaOXA-58-positive isolates, two from the same centre were positive for a novel OXA-51 allele (OXA-86). Southern hybridization of plasmids and of genomic DNAs suggested that blaOXA-51-type genes are located on chromosomes whereas blaOXA-58 genes are plasmid borne in these 10 isolates. Plasmid profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns indicated the spread of the blaOXA-58 gene among multiple clones. The blaOXA-51-type and blaOXA-58 co-carrier strains were mostly associated with a pandrug-resistant phenotype.
Conclusions: This study indicated that blaOXA-58-bearing plasmids are readily spreading among multiple clones of the blaOXA-51-type-bearing clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. Since these isolates are highly resistant to antibiotics this finding indicates the existence of a significant problem in Turkish hospitals.
Keywords: oxacillinases , carbapenemases , pandrug resistance
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