JAC Advance Access originally published online on May 30, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2006 58(2):401-407; doi:10.1093/jac/dkl188
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient antibiotic use in Europe
1 Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium 2 Department of General Practice, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium 3 Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders Brussels, Belgium 4 Unit of Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health Brussels, Belgium 5 Laboratory of Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, The Netherlands
Received 23 August 2005; returned 2 November 2005; revised 12 April 2006; accepted 16 April 2006
*Correspondence address. Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Tel: +32-3-820-2751; Fax: +32-3-820-2752; E-mail: matus.ferech{at}ua.ac.be
Background: The ESAC project, granted by DG SANCO of the European Commission, is an international network of surveillance systems, aiming to collect comparable and reliable data on antibiotic use in Europe. Data on outpatient antibiotic use were collected from 34 countries using the ATC/DDD methodology.
Methods: For the period 1997–2003, data on outpatient use of systemic antibiotics aggregated at the level of the active substance were collected and expressed in DDD (WHO, version 2004) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Outpatient antibiotic (ATC J01) use in 25 European countries, able to deliver valid data, was analysed.
Results: Total outpatient antibiotic use in 2003 varied by a factor of 3 between the country with the highest (31.4 DID in Greece) and the country with the lowest (9.8 DID in the Netherlands) use. General use patterns in individual countries as well as trends during the period 1997–2003 are described in this paper, while major antibiotic classes (penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramins and quinolones) will be analysed in detail in separate papers.
Conclusion: The ESAC project established for the first time a credible alternative to industry sources for the collection of internationally comparable data on antibiotic use in Europe, based on cooperation between regulatory authorities, scientific societies, health insurers and professional organizations. These data provide a tool for assessing public health strategies aiming to optimize antibiotic prescribing.
Keywords: antibiotic use , drug consumption , pharmacoepidemiology , ambulatory care , Europe
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Coenen, A. Muller, N. Adriaenssens, V. Vankerckhoven, E. Hendrickx, H. Goossens, and on behalf of the ESAC Project Group European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment in Europe J. Antimicrob. Chemother., July 1, 2009; 64(1): 200 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Spyridis and M. Sharland The European Union Antibiotic Awareness Day: the paediatric perspective Arch. Dis. Child., November 1, 2008; 93(11): 909 - 910. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Dong, H. Yan, and D. Wang Antibiotic prescribing patterns in village health clinics across 10 provinces of Western China J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2008; 62(2): 410 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. De Backer, T. Christiaens, S. Heytens, A. De Sutter, E. E. Stobberingh, and G. Verschraegen Evolution of bacterial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a country with high antibiotic consumption: a comparison of two surveys with a 10 year interval J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2008; 62(2): 364 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Mroczkowska and M. Barlow Fitness Trade-Offs in blaTEM Evolution Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., July 1, 2008; 52(7): 2340 - 2345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Vaccheri, M. C. Silvani, L. Bersaglia, D. Motola, P. Strahinja, A. Vargiu, E. Poluzzi, and N. Montanaro A 3 year survey on the use of antibacterial agents in five Italian hospitals J. Antimicrob. Chemother., April 1, 2008; 61(4): 953 - 958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Richter, K. P. Heilmann, C. L. Dohrn, S. E. Beekmann, F. Riahi, J. Garcia-de-Lomas, M. Ferech, H. Goossens, and G. V. Doern Increasing telithromycin resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes in Europe J. Antimicrob. Chemother., March 1, 2008; 61(3): 603 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Denton, B. O'Connell, P. Bernard, V. Jarlier, Z. Williams, and A. S. Henriksen The EPISA study: antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus causing primary or secondary skin and soft tissue infections in the community in France, the UK and Ireland J. Antimicrob. Chemother., March 1, 2008; 61(3): 586 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Flamaing, J. Verhaegen, J. Vandeven, N. Verbiest, and W. E. Peetermans Pneumococcal bacteraemia in Belgium (1994 2004): the pre-conjugate vaccine era J. Antimicrob. Chemother., January 1, 2008; 61(1): 143 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Coenen, M. Ferech, F. M Haaijer-Ruskamp, C. C Butler, R. H Vander Stichele, T. J M Verheij, D. L Monnet, P. Little, H. Goossens, and the ESAC Project Group European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): quality indicators for outpatient antibiotic use in Europe Qual. Saf. Health Care, December 1, 2007; 16(6): 440 - 445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Meyer, F. Schwab, and P. Gastmeier Use of very old and very new antibiotics in intensive care units in Germany J. Antimicrob. Chemother., December 1, 2007; 60(6): 1413 - 1415. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kanerva, J. Ollgren, O. Lyytikainen, and on behalf of the Finnish Prevalence Survey Study G Antimicrobial use in Finnish acute care hospitals: data from national prevalence survey, 2005 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2007; 60(2): 440 - 444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Coenen, M. Costers, and H. Goossens Comment on: Can mass media campaigns change antimicrobial prescribing? A regional evaluation study J. Antimicrob. Chemother., July 1, 2007; 60(1): 179 - 180. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Posserud, P.-O. Stotzer, E. S Bjornsson, H. Abrahamsson, and M. Simren Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome Gut, June 1, 2007; 56(6): 802 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Blix, A. Engeland, I. Litleskare, and M. Ronning Age- and gender-specific antibacterial prescribing in Norway J. Antimicrob. Chemother., May 1, 2007; 59(5): 971 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Avoiding antibacterial overuse in primary care DTB, April 1, 2007; 45(4): 25 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ferech, S. Coenen, S. Malhotra-Kumar, K. Dvorakova, E. Hendrickx, C. Suetens, H. Goossens, and on behalf of the ESAC Project Group European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient quinolone use in Europe J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2006; 58(2): 423 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Coenen, M. Ferech, S. Malhotra-Kumar, E. Hendrickx, C. Suetens, H. Goossens, and on behalf of the ESAC Project Group European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin (MLS) use in Europe J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2006; 58(2): 418 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Coenen, M. Ferech, K. Dvorakova, E. Hendrickx, C. Suetens, H. Goossens, and on behalf of the ESAC Project Group European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient cephalosporin use in Europe J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2006; 58(2): 413 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|