JAC Advance Access originally published online on October 4, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005 56(6):1160-1162; doi:10.1093/jac/dki363
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Successful moxifloxacin prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal aortic valve endocarditis
1 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital ‘Attikon’, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece; 2 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital ‘Sotiria’, University of Athens, Medical School, 152 Mesogion Avenue 11527, Athens, Greece; 3 Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, General Hospital ‘Laikon’, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece; 4 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, General Hospital ‘Laikon’, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
Received 10 July 2005; returned 13 August 2005; revised 1 September 2005; accepted 13 September 2005
* Corresponding author. Tel: +30-1-9582565; Fax: +30-1-7778838; E-mail: apefan{at}med.uoa.gr
Objectives: Studies related to the prophylactic efficacy of fluoroquinolones against infective endocarditis are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of moxifloxacin, a quinolone active in vitro against Gram-positive cocci, in preventing streptococcal aortic valve endocarditis.
Methods: Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis of the aortic valve was induced by the insertion of a polyethylene catheter. Twenty-four hours later, rabbits were randomly assigned to a control group, and groups receiving either two doses of ampicillin (40 mg/kg, intravenously), 2 h apart, or a single dose of moxifloxacin (15 mg/kg, intravenously). Ampicillin and moxifloxacin were administered 0.5 and 1 h, respectively, prior to the intravenous inoculation of 107 cfu of Streptococcus oralis.
Results: Eighty-nine percent of the control animals developed infected vegetations. In rabbits challenged with this very high inoculum, moxifloxacin and ampicillin prevented endocarditis in 80% (P < 0.001 versus controls) and in 50% (P = 0.022 versus controls) of animals, respectively. The difference between ampicillin and moxifloxacin was not statistically significant (P = 0.128).
Conclusions: Moxifloxacin was at least as effective as ampicillin in preventing streptococcal endocarditis.
Keywords: Streptococcus oralis , fluoroquinolones , rabbits , ampicillin
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