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JAC Advance Access originally published online on October 13, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005 56(6):1134-1138; doi:10.1093/jac/dki380
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

In vitro activities of 11 fluoroquinolones against 226 Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from Finnish patients, with special reference to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mirva Lehtopolku1,2, Antti J. Hakanen1,2, Anja Siitonen3, Pentti Huovinen1 and Pirkko Kotilainen1,2,*

1 Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20521 Turku, Finland; 2 Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; 3 Enteric Bacteria Laboratory, Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland

Received 10 August 2005; returned 9 September 2005; revised 14 September 2005; accepted 19 September 2005

* Corresponding author. Tel: +358-2-3130000; Fax: +358-2-3132030; E-mail: pirkko.kotilainen{at}utu.fi

Objectives: Although Campylobacter jejuni is naturally susceptible to fluoroquinolones, the resistance to these antimicrobials has increased rapidly during the recent years. The aim of this study was to compare the activities of various older and newer fluoroquinolones towards C. jejuni, with special attention on ciprofloxacin-resistant strains.

Methods: We analysed the in vitro activities of 11 fluoroquinolones against 226 C. jejuni strains collected from Finnish patients between 1995 and 2000.

Results: Of all 226 C. jejuni strains, 134 (59.3%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥4 mg/L), 1 (0.4%) was intermediately resistant (MIC = 2 mg/L) and 91 (40.3%) were ciprofloxacin-susceptible (MIC ≤1 mg/L). The MIC50 and MIC90 values of ciprofloxacin for the 91 ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains were 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding MIC50 and MIC90 values of levofloxacin were 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L, and those of moxifloxacin were 0.125 and 0.25 mg/L, these being lower than those of norfloxacin and ofloxacin. The two newer fluoroquinolones, sitafloxacin and clinafloxacin, exhibited the lowest MIC50 and MIC90 values: 0.016 and 0.064 mg/L of sitafloxacin and 0.032 and 0.125 mg/L of clinafloxacin, respectively. Sitafloxacin and clinafloxacin exhibited the lowest MIC50 and MIC90 values also for the 134 ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni strains: 0.25 and 1 mg/L of sitafloxacin and 1 and 4 mg/L of clinafloxacin, respectively.

Conclusions: Of the newer fluoroquinolones presently under development, sitafloxacin is in vitro highly effective towards C. jejuni, with low MIC values also for the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. Sitafloxacin might be a candidate for clinical trials on campylobacteriosis.

Keywords: Campylobacter spp. , drug resistance , quinolones


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