JAC Advance Access originally published online on October 20, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005 56(6):1107-1110; doi:10.1093/jac/dki370
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Mechanisms of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Escherichia coli isolates recovered in a Spanish hospital
1 Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain; 2 Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Received 4 April 2005; returned 20 August 2005; revised 5 September 2005; accepted 15 September 2005
* Corresponding author. Tel: +34-941299750; Fax: +34-941299721; E-mail: carmen.torres{at}daa.unirioja.es
Objectives: To characterize the ß-lactamase genes of the expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered in a Spanish hospital during the March 2002–March 2003 period.
Methods: Thirty-four of the 1700 E. coli isolates recovered from unrelated patients in a Spanish hospital showed expanded-spectrum cephalosporin resistance. The presence of genes encoding TEM, SHV, CTX-M, CMY-2-type or FOX ß-lactamases as well as the existence of mutations in the regulatory region of the chromosomal ampC gene were studied by PCR and sequencing in these 34 E. coli isolates.
Results: The following extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmidic class C ß-lactamase genes were detected (number of isolates): blaCTX-M-14 (14), blaCTX-M-9 (4), blaCTX-M-32 (1), blaTEM-52 (2), blaSHV-12 (3) and blaCMY-2 (2). The remaining eight isolates showed a mutation in the promoter/attenuator region of the ampC chromosomal gene at position –42, in combination with mutations at positions –18, –1 and +58. The blaTEM-1 gene was also detected in 12 of the ESBL-producing isolates, in both CMY-2-producing isolates and in four of the eight isolates that showed a mutation at position –42 of the ampC promoter. Other mutations in the promoter/attenuator region were detected in association with ESBL or CMY-2 genes, such as the combination –18, –1 and +58, –28 and +58, or +22, +26, +27 and +32. No clonal relationship was found among the CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates by PFGE with XbaI enzyme.
Conclusions: Approximately 1.5% of the E. coli isolates of our hospital harboured ESBL genes, those of the CTX-M-9 group being the most common ones.
Keywords: E. coli , ESBLs , class C ß-lactamases , Spain
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