JAC Advance Access originally published online on September 26, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005 56(5):872-878; doi:10.1093/jac/dki348
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Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel quinolone, garenoxacin, against aerobic and anaerobic microbial isolates recovered from general, vascular, cardiothoracic and otolaryngologic surgical patients
1 Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 2 Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 3 Division of Trauma & Critical Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 4 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 5 Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Received 6 June 2005; returned 1 July 2005; revised 13 August 2005; accepted 5 September 2005
* Correspondence address. Division of Vascular Surgery, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 5326, USA. Tel: +1-414-805-5739; Fax: +1-414-454-0152; E-mail: edmiston{at}mcw.edu
Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyse the susceptibility of unique and non-duplicate aerobic and anaerobic isolates from surgical patients to a novel des-F(6)-quinolone (garenoxacin) and other selected antimicrobial agents.
Methods: Eleven hundred and eighty-five aerobic and anaerobic isolates from general, vascular, cardiothoracic and otolaryngologic surgical patients were tested for susceptibility to garenoxacin and seven other antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole) using the referenced microbroth and agar-dilution method.
Results: Garenoxacin exhibited greater antimicrobial activity than comparator quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and other antimicrobials when tested against selected Gram-positive organisms. The in vitro aerobic and anaerobic activity of garenoxacin was similar to that of moxifloxacin. All fluoroquinolones tested were effective against most Gram-negative facultative anaerobes including Escherichia coli. Garenoxacin and moxifloxacin demonstrated similar in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria such as members of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Overall, the in vitro activity of the advanced spectrum quinolones against anaerobic surgical isolates compared favourably with selected comparator agents, metronidazole, imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that 82.4% of aerobic surgical isolates were susceptible to a concentration of garenoxacin 
1.0 mg/L, whereas 84.5% of the anaerobic isolates were susceptible to a garenoxacin concentration 1.0 mg/L. Garenoxacin may be a valuable surgical anti-infective for treatment of serious head and neck, soft tissue, intra-abdominal and diabetic foot infections.
Keywords: surgical infections , MICs , in vitro susceptibility
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