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JAC Advance Access originally published online on June 7, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005 56(1):104-109; doi:10.1093/jac/dki186
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Published by Oxford University Press 2005

Antibacterial activities of gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and erythromycin against intracellular Legionella pneumophila and Legionella micdadei in human monocytes

Aldona L. Baltch1,2,*, Lawrence H. Bopp1, Raymond P. Smith1,2, Phyllis B. Michelsen1,2 and William J. Ritz1,2

1 Infectious Disease Section, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA; 2 Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA

Received 10 December 2004; returned 22 February 2005; revised 10 March 2005; accepted 9 May 2005

* Correspondence address. Infectious Disease Research, 111D, Stratton VA Medical Center, 113 Holland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA. Tel: +1-518-626-6416; Fax: +1-518-626-6564; E-mail: aldona.baltch{at}med.va.gov

Objectives: The antibacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, gemifloxacin, was tested against intracellular Legionella pneumophila and Legionella micdadei and was compared with the activities of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and erythromycin.

Methods: For intracellular assays, bacteria were used to infect human monocyte-derived macrophages prepared from heparinized blood of healthy volunteers. Antibiotics were added following phagocytosis. Numbers of viable bacteria were determined at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h.

Results: The intracellular antibacterial activity of gemifloxacin was concentration- and time-dependent. All of the quinolones had similar activities against L. pneumophila and L. micdadei at 10 x MIC, but there were minor differences: at 24 h moxifloxacin was significantly more active than the other quinolones against L. pneumophila, while gemifloxacin was more active against L. micdadei (P < 0.01). All of the quinolones were markedly more active than erythromycin (P < 0.01). The antibacterial effect of gemifloxacin against L. pneumophila following drug removal at 24 h persisted for 72 h at 20 x MIC but not at 10 x MIC, while for L. micdadei the antibacterial effect persisted for 24 h at 10 x MIC.

Conclusions: All of the quinolones had similar activities against intracellular L. pneumophila and L. micdadei and were markedly more effective than erythromycin.

Keywords: Legionella spp. , in vitro models , fluoroquinolones , macrolides , phagocytes


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