JAC Advance Access originally published online on January 28, 2005
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005 55(3):383-386; doi:10.1093/jac/dki002
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JAC vol.55 no.3 © The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005; all rights reserved
Intracellular persistence of Escherichia coli in urinary bladders from mecillinam-treated mice
1 Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, 2 National Center of Antimicrobials and Infection Control and 3 Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
* Correspondence address. Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Tel: +45-32683593; Fax: +45-32688431; Email: mbp{at}ssi.dk
Objectives: It has been suggested recently that intracellular bacteria surviving antibiotic treatment might serve as a reservoir for recurrent infection. The purpose of this study was to directly examine the location of Escherichia coli bacteria in the mouse bladder after treatment with mecillinam.
Methods: The bladders were studied by use of colony counts, in situ hybridization and electron microscopy.
Results: The bacterial counts in the bladder remained 
103–4 cfu/bladder even after mecillinam treatment had finished, and re-growth in the urine was observed. In the bladder epithelium from treated mice, bacteria cells were occasionally seen, presumably representing intracellularly located bacteria.
Conclusions: This is the first in vivo study indicating that during mecillinam treatment E. coli cells can penetrate the mouse bladder epithelium and persist.
Keywords: UTIs , mouse models , antibiotic treatments
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