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JAC Advance Access originally published online on September 29, 2004
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2004 54(5):849-853; doi:10.1093/jac/dkh438
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JAC vol.54 no.5 © The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2004; all rights reserved

Leading article

Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incidence and management of human immunodeficiency virus-related opportunistic infections

Chien-Ching Hung1,2,* and Shan-Chwen Chang1

1 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine; 2 Department of Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

* Correspondence address. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel: +886-2-23123456 ext. 8265; Fax: +886-2-23223905; Email: hcc0401{at}ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw

We review the changes in incidences of HIV-related opportunistic infections and the safety of discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis for HIV-related opportunistic infections in patients achieving immune restoration after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV-related opportunistic infections continue to occur in patients who are newly diagnosed with HIV infection, those in the early course of HAART or non-adherent to HIV care and HAART, and those in whom non-HIV-related infections have emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the post-HAART era. Clinical studies of patients with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection are reviewed to provide appropriate regimen combinations of rifamycins and antiretrovirals, which have varying degrees of drug–drug interactions that have posed challenges in the management of tuberculosis as well as HIV infection.

Keywords: HIV infection , AIDS , HAART , opportunistic infections , antimicrobial prophylaxis


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