JAC Advance Access originally published online on August 12, 2004
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2004 54(4):803-808; doi:10.1093/jac/dkh403
JAC vol.54 no.4 © The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2004; all rights reserved
Continuous and 4 h infusion of amphotericin B: a comparative study involving high-risk haematology patients
Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
* Correspondence address. Infectious Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia. Tel: +61-3-9276-2000; Fax: +61-3-9276-2431; orEmail: antonpeleg{at}iprimus.com.au
Objectives: To assess whether a continuous infusion of amphotericin B (CI-AmB) is less nephrotoxic than a 4 h infusion in haematology patients with fever and neutropenia, including bone-marrow transplant recipients. Efficacy was assessed as a secondary end-point.
Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study over a 2 year period. A total of 1073 haematology admissions were reviewed (98.3% complete) and 81 admissions were eligible for study entry; 39 received CI-AmB and 42 a 4 h infusion of AmB.
Results: Renal impairment occurred significantly less frequently with CI-AmB compared with a 4 h infusion of AmB [10% versus 45%, respectively, odds ratio (OR) 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.5, P<0.001]. The difference was maintained among allogeneic transplant recipients (P=0.007) and patients receiving concurrent nephrotoxic drugs (P<0.001). An AmB infusion rate of <0.08 mg/kg/h was associated with a significant reduction in renal impairment (P<0.001). A difference in survival was observed between the continuous and 4 h infusion of AmB (95% versus 79%, respectively, OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.02–25.1, P=0.03).
Conclusions: CI-AmB appears to be significantly less nephrotoxic than 4 h infusion AmB in haematology patients with fever and neutropenia—including high-risk bone-marrow transplant recipients—without increasing mortality. An AmB infusion rate of <0.08 mg/kg/h appears to be a safe threshold, associated with reduced renal impairment.
Keywords: neutropenia , fever of unknown origin , bone-marrow transplantation , nephrotoxicity , antifungal agents
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