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JAC Advance Access originally published online on May 26, 2004
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2004 54(1):95-99; doi:10.1093/jac/dkh276
JAC vol.54 no.1 © British Crown Copyright 2004, Dstl-published with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

Post-exposure prophylaxis of systemic anthrax in mice and treatment with fluoroquinolones

J. Steward1,*, M. S. Lever1, A. J. H. Simpson1,2, A. M. Sefton3 and T. J. G. Brooks1,{dagger}

1 Biomedical Sciences, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 OJQ; 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; 3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK

* Corresponding author. Tel: +44-1980-613169; Fax: +44-1980-613284; Email: jasteward{at}dstl.gov.uk

Objectives: To compare the fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin with ciprofloxacin for post-exposure prophylaxis of systemic anthrax in a BALB/c mouse model.

Methods: Treated mice and controls were inoculated subcutaneously with 5x104 spores/mouse of Bacillus anthracis Ames strain and observed for 37 days after challenge. Treated mice were given 100 mg/kg of antibiotic orally twice daily for 14 days, starting at various times post-challenge.

Results: Treatment starting 6 h post-challenge resulted in survival rates of 90%, 15% and 40% for gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Treatment commencing 24 h post-challenge resulted in survival rates of 65%, 10% and 5%, respectively. Treatment starting more than 24 h after exposure had little effect on survival.

Conclusions: Gatifloxacin appeared to be more effective than moxifloxacin or ciprofloxacin, at similar doses, for early post-exposure treatment of murine systemic anthrax. However, these results might be due to differences in potency or pharmacokinetic properties.

Keywords: Bacillus anthracis , quinolones , murine model , therapy


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