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JAC Advance Access originally published online on March 3, 2004
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 53, 609-615
© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

In vitro post-antibiotic effect of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, ß-lactams, tetracyclines, vancomycin, clindamycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin and rifampicin on Bacillus anthracis

A. Athamna1,2, M. Athamna1, B. Medlej1,2, D. J. Bast3 and E. Rubinstein2,4,*

1 The Triangle Research and Development Center, Kfar-Qaraa; 2 Department of Human Microbiology, Tel-Aviv University, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv; 4 Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, School of Medicine, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; 3 Toronto Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (ToCARE), Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Received 17 December 2003; accepted 22 December 2003

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of 19 antibacterial agents against two strains of Bacillus anthracis (ST-1 and Sterne strains).

Methods: PAE was determined by calculating the time required for the viable counts of antibiotic-exposed bacteria (at concentrations of 10x MIC and exposure for 2 h) at 37°C to increase by 1 log10 above the counts observed immediately after antibiotic removal compared with the corresponding time for controls not exposed to antibiotics.

Results: The PAEs of the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and garenoxacin) were 2–5 h. The macrolide (erythromycin, clarithromycin and telithromycin) PAEs were 1–4 h, and that of clindamycin was 2 h. The PAEs induced by tetracycline and minocycline were 1–3 h. The PAEs induced by the ß-lactams (penicillin G, amoxicillin and ceftriaxone), vancomycin, linezolid and chloramphenicol were 1–2 h. The PAE induced by rifampicin was 4–5 h. Quinupristin/dalfopristin had the longest PAE, lasting for 7–8 h.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the PAE is unrelated to the MIC but may be related to the rapidity of bacterial kill. These observations may bear importance on treatment regimens of human anthrax.

Keywords: anthrax, PAE, susceptibility

* Corresponding author. Tel: +972-3-5345-389; Fax: +972-3-5347-081; E-mail: erubins{at}yahoo.com


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