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JAC Advance Access originally published online on March 3, 2004
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 53, 577-583
© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Putranjivain A from Euphorbia jolkini inhibits both virus entry and late stage replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro

Hua-Yew Cheng1, Ta-Chen Lin2, Chien-Min Yang1, Kuo-Chih Wang3, Liang-Tzung Lin4 and Chun-Ching Lin1,3,*

1 Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung; 2 Department of Pharmacy, Tajen Institute of Technology, Ping-Tung; 3 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Received 28 October 2003; returned 24 November 2003; revised 4 January 2004; accepted 7 January 2004

Aims: To investigate the in vitro antiviral properties of putranjivain A, isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia jolkini Bioss (Euphorbiaceae).

Methods and results: Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 strain 196-infected Vero cells were used. It was shown that putranjivain A exhibited antiviral activity with an IC50 of 7.9 ± 1.2 µM using the XTT assay, with the IC50 value increasing with increasing multiplicity of infection. Using the plaque reduction assay, the IC50 and IC90 were 6.3 ± 0.8 and 14.5 ± 3.1 µM, respectively. Putranjivain A showed no cytotoxic effect on cell multiplication at concentrations that achieved antiviral activity. The 50% cell cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 80.3 ± 14.7 µM, and the selectivity index (SI) (ratio of CC50 to IC50) for the XTT and plaque reduction assays was 10.2 and 12.7, respectively. When tested for virucidal activity, putranjivain A significantly reduced viral infectivity at concentrations of 75 and 100 µM, but not at 50 µM or below. The results of the time-of-addition studies suggested that putranjivain A affected the late stage of HSV-2 replication at 25 µM. Interestingly, putranjivain A also showed inhibition of viral attachment and cell penetration. The combination of putranjivain A and aciclovir produced no interaction.

Conclusions: Putranjivain A possesses antiviral activity, inhibiting viral attachment and penetration, and also interfering with the late stage of viral replication.

Keywords: antiviral activity, HSV-2, plants

* Correspondence address. No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. Tel: +886-7-3121101 ext. 2122; Fax: +886-7-3135215; E-mail: aalin{at}ms24.hinet.net


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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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