JAC Advance Access originally published online on November 25, 2003
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 53, 10-14
© 2004 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Leading Article |
Dyslipidaemia associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna ‘Alma Mater Studiorum’, S. Orsola Hospital, Via Massarenti 11, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a significant impact on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, leading to a remarkable decrease in its morbidity and mortality, but is frequently associated with clinical and metabolic complications. Fat redistribution or lipodystrophy, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have been extensively reported in subjects treated with protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral regimens. In particular, dyslipidaemia occurs in up to 70–80% of HIV-infected individuals receiving HAART and can be associated with all the available PIs, although hypertriglyceridaemia appears to be more frequent in patients treated with ritonavir, ritonavir–saquinavir, or ritonavir–lopinavir. The potential long-term consequences of HAART-associated hyperlipidaemia are not completely understood, but an increased risk of premature coronary artery disease has been reported in young HIV-positive persons receiving PIs. Dietary changes, regular aerobic exercise and switching to a PI-sparing regimen may act favourably on dyslipidaemia. Lipid-lowering therapy is often required with statins or fibrates. The choice of hypolipidaemic drugs should take into account potential pharmacological interactions with antiretroviral agents.
Keywords: HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, hyperlipidaemia, fibrates, statins
* Corresponding author. Tel: +39-051-6363355; Fax: +39-051-343500; E-mail: calza{at}med.unibo.it
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L Calza, G Verucchi, D Pocaterra, M Pavoni, A Alfieri, A Cicognani, R Manfredi, C Serra, and F Chiodo Cardiovascular risk factors and ultrasound evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with HIV-1 infection Int J STD AIDS, October 1, 2009; 20(10): 683 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Falasca, C Ucciferri, P Mancino, E Pizzigallo, L Calza, and J Vecchiet Severe HIV-associated hypertriglyceridaemia treated with rosuvastatin plus omega-3 fatty acids Int J STD AIDS, August 1, 2009; 20(8): 580 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. C. LaRosa, J.-J. M. Riethoven, H. Chen, Y. Xia, Y. Zhou, M. Chen, J. Miner, and M. E. Fromm Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid activates the integrated stress response pathway in adipocytes Physiol Genomics, November 14, 2007; 31(3): 544 - 553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Ucar, I. Neuhaus, P. Ross-MacDonald, C. Tilford, S. Parthasarathy, N. Siemers, and R.-R. Ji Construction of a reference gene association network from multiple profiling data: application to data analysis Bioinformatics, October 15, 2007; 23(20): 2716 - 2724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Leon, E. Martinez, M. Sarasa, Y. Lopez, J. Mallolas, E. De Lazzari, M. Laguno, A. Milincovic, J. L. Blanco, M. Larrousse, et al. Impact of steady-state lopinavir plasma levels on plasma lipids and body composition after 24 weeks of lopinavir/ritonavir-containing therapy free of thymidine analogues J. Antimicrob. Chemother., October 1, 2007; 60(4): 824 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Yuan, K. Z. Al-Shali, and R. A. Hegele Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment Can. Med. Assoc. J., April 10, 2007; 176(8): 1113 - 1120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Desvergne, L. Michalik, and W. Wahli Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism Physiol Rev, April 1, 2006; 86(2): 465 - 514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Moerman, A. Van Gompel, J. Nimmegeers, and J. Moerman Highly active antiretroviral therapy BMJ, June 11, 2005; 330(7504): 1341 - 1342. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Parker, O. P. Flint, R. Mulvey, C. Elosua, F. Wang, W. Fenderson, S. Wang, W.-P. Yang, and M. A. Noor Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Dyslipidemia to Inhibition of Proteasome Activity and Glucose Transport by HIV Protease Inhibitors Mol. Pharmacol., June 1, 2005; 67(6): 1909 - 1919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|