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JAC Advance Access originally published online on July 1, 2003
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2003) 52, 194-198
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

In vitro antiviral activities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and its related flavonoids

L. C. Chiang1, W. Chiang2, M. C. Liu1 and C. C. Lin3,*

Departments of 1 Microbiology and 2 Clinical Pathology, and 3 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Republic of China

Received 15 January 2003; returned 19 March 2003; revised 14 April 2003; accepted 15 April 2003

The aim of this study was to search for new antiviral agents from Chinese herbal medicine. Pure flavonoids and aqueous extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Swartz were used in experiments to test their influence on a series of viruses, namely herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) and adenoviruses (ADV-3, ADV-8, ADV-11). The EC50 was defined as the concentration required to achieve 50% protection against virus-induced cytopathic effects, and the selectivity index (SI) was determined as the ratio of CC50 (concentration of 50% cellular cytotoxicity) to EC50. Results showed that aqueous extracts of C. pulcherrima and its related quercetin possessed a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Among them, the strongest activities against ADV-8 were fruit and seed (EC50 = 41.2 mg/L, SI = 83.2), stem and leaf (EC50 = 61.8 mg/L, SI = 52.1) and flower (EC50 = 177.9 mg/L, SI = 15.5), whereas quercetin possessed the strongest anti-ADV-3 activity (EC50 = 24.3 mg/L, SI = 20.4). In conclusion, some compounds of C. pulcherrima which possess antiviral activities may be derived from the flavonoid of quercetin. The mode of action of quercetin against HSV-1 and ADV-3 was found to be at the early stage of multiplication and with SI values greater than 20, suggesting the potential use of this compound for treatment of the infection caused by these two viruses.

Keywords: HSV-1, HSV-2, ADV-3, ADV-8, ADV-11

* Corresponding author. Tel: +886-7-3121101, ext. 2122; Fax: +886-7-3135215; E-mail: aalin{at}ms24.hinet.net


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