JAC Advance Access originally published online on December 12, 2002
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2003) 51, 19-26
© 2003 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter species from man and animals: detection of mutations in topoisomerase genes
Antimicrobial Agents Research Group, Department of Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Received 27 June 2002; returned 5 September 2002; revised 25 September 2002; accepted 3 October 2002
Consecutive isolates of quinolone-resistant campylobacter isolated over a 5 year period (1990–1995) from the faeces of patients with enteritis in Plymouth, UK, were examined for the epidemiology of mutations in gyrA (n = 127). In addition, clinical isolates and poultry isolates from Germany, The Netherlands and other regions of the UK collected before 1995 were examined for mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of a 270 bp fragment of PCR-generated DNA. The majority of isolates (173/208) carried a mutation at codon 86 in gyrA resulting in substitution of Ile for Thr; all of these were resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC 
2 mg/L). One isolate of Campylobacter jejuni had a mutation at Asp-90, and another had a double mutation at Thr-86 and Pro-104. Only two resistant isolates showed no mutation in gyrA. A novel gyrA sequence was amplified from two Campylobacter lari and one C. jejuni, which exhibited a valine at codon 86. Only 8/192 isolates had changes in gyrB; all were shown to relate to silent mutations in gyrB and presumably reflect natural polymorphisms in the gene.
Keywords: fluoroquinolone, resistance, Campylobacter
* Corresponding author. Tel: +44-121-414-6969; Fax: +44-121-414-3454; E-mail: l.j.v.piddock{at}bham.ac.uk
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