Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2002) 50, 39-47
© 2002 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Supplement |
Molecular characterization of macrolide resistance mechanisms among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from the PROTEKT 1999-2000 study
GR Micro Ltd, 7–9 William Road, London NW1 3ER, UK
Abstract
In this study, the distribution of macrolide resistance mechanisms was determined for isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes obtained from the PROTEKT 1999–2000 study (a global, longitudinal study of the antibacterial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections). The global macrolide resistance mechanism distribution results for 1043 macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates collected from 25 countries were as follows: 35.3% mef(A), 56.2% erm(B), 6.8% both mef(A) and erm(B), 0.2% erm(A) subclass erm(TR) and 1.5% negative for mechanisms tested. Mechanisms of macrolide resistance were found to vary widely between countries and different geographical regions with mef(A) predominating in North America and erm(B) in Europe. Approximation of genotype from macrolide MIC without molecular determination of the mechanism of resistance resulted in an error of 10.2% (106 isolates). Overall, for 143 macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes isolates, 46.1% of the isolates tested were mef(A), 30.8% were erm(B), 23.1% were erm(A) subclass erm(TR) and no isolates were negative for all the genetic markers tested. Again, the distribution varied widely between countries and geographical regions. This study provides valuable baseline data for the continued monitoring of the evolution of macrolide resistance development in these important respiratory tract pathogens. The ketolide telithromycin retained excellent anti-pneumococcal activity irrespective of macrolide resistance mechanism, having a MIC90 of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.5 mg/L against mef(A), erm(B) and mef(A)+erm(B) macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae, respectively. It also exhibited potent activity against S. pyogenes that had become resistant to macrolides via either mef(A), (MIC90 0.5 mg/L) or erm(TR), (MIC90 0.03 mg/L).
Footnotes
* Corresponding author. Tel: +44-20-7388-7320; Fax: +44-20-7388-7324; E-mail: D.Farrell{at}grmicro.co.uk
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Chardin, K. Yasukawa, N. Nouacer, C. Plainvert, P. Aucouturier, A. Ergani, V. Descroix, R. Toledo-Arenas, J. Azerad, and A. Bouvet Reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin of oral streptococci following amoxicillin exposure J. Med. Microbiol., August 1, 2009; 58(8): 1092 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Varaldo, M. P. Montanari, and E. Giovanetti Genetic Elements Responsible for Erythromycin Resistance in Streptococci Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., February 1, 2009; 53(2): 343 - 353. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Richter, K. P. Heilmann, C. L. Dohrn, S. E. Beekmann, F. Riahi, J. Garcia-de-Lomas, M. Ferech, H. Goossens, and G. V. Doern Increasing telithromycin resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes in Europe J. Antimicrob. Chemother., March 1, 2008; 61(3): 603 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Camilli, M. Del Grosso, F. Iannelli, and A. Pantosti New Genetic Element Carrying the Erythromycin Resistance Determinant erm(TR) in Streptococcus pneumoniae Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., February 1, 2008; 52(2): 619 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Wierzbowski, K. Nichol, N. Laing, T. Hisanaga, A. Nikulin, J. A. Karlowsky, D. J. Hoban, and G. G. Zhanel Macrolide resistance mechanisms among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated over 6 years of Canadian Respiratory Organism Susceptibility Study (CROSS) (1998 2004) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., October 1, 2007; 60(4): 733 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Martin, S. Quilici, T. File, J. Garau, A. Kureishi, and M. Kubin Cost-effectiveness of empirical prescribing of antimicrobials in community-acquired pneumonia in three countries in the presence of resistance J. Antimicrob. Chemother., May 1, 2007; 59(5): 977 - 989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Robinson, J. A. Sutcliffe, W. Tewodros, A. Manoharan, and D. E. Bessen Evolution and global dissemination of macrolide-resistant group a streptococci. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., September 1, 2006; 50(9): 2903 - 2911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L. Guerrant Cholera--still teaching hard lessons. N. Engl. J. Med., June 8, 2006; 354(23): 2500 - 2502. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kronenberg, P. Zucs, S. Droz, and K. Muhlemann Distribution and Invasiveness of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes in Switzerland, a Country with Low Antibiotic Selection Pressure, from 2001 to 2004. J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2006; 44(6): 2032 - 2038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Halpern, J. K. Schmier, L. M. Snyder, C. Asche, P. W. Sarocco, B. Lavin, R. Nieman, and L. A. Mandell Meta-analysis of bacterial resistance to macrolides J. Antimicrob. Chemother., May 1, 2005; 55(5): 748 - 757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. I. Pelton and M. R. Hammerschlag Overcoming Current Obstacles in the Management of Bacterial Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Ambulatory Children Clinical Pediatrics, January 1, 2005; 44(1): 1 - 17. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Low, M. E. Pichichero, and U. B. Schaad Optimizing Antibacterial Therapy for Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in an Era of Bacterial Resistance Clinical Pediatrics, March 1, 2004; 43(2): 135 - 151. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-H. Song, H.-H. Chang, J. Y. Suh, K. S. Ko, S.-I. Jung, W. S. Oh, K. R. Peck, N. Y. Lee, Y. Yang, A. Chongthaleong, et al. Macrolide resistance and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: a study of the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., March 1, 2004; 53(3): 457 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Muller-Serieys, J. Andrews, F. Vacheron, and C. Cantalloube Tissue kinetics of telithromycin, the first ketolide antibacterial J. Antimicrob. Chemother., February 1, 2004; 53(2): 149 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Buxbaum, S. Forsthuber, W. Graninger, and A. Georgopoulos Comparative activity of telithromycin against typical community-acquired respiratory pathogens J. Antimicrob. Chemother., September 1, 2003; 52(3): 371 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|