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JAC Advance Access originally published online on November 18, 2002
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2002) 50, 895-902
© 2002 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Comparative in vitro activity of five cathelicidin-derived synthetic peptides against Leptospira, Borrelia and Treponema pallidum

Vittorio Sambri1, Antonella Marangoni1, Lorenzo Giacani1, Renato Gennaro2, Rossella Murgia3, Roberto Cevenini1,* and Marina Cinco3

1 Sezione di Microbiologia, DMCSS, Ospedale Policlinico S.Orsola, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna; 2 Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole; 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Received 15 March 2002; returned 19 June 2002; revised 5 August 2002; accepted 23 August 2002

Objective: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of five different cathelicidin-derived synthetic peptides (SMAP-29, LL-37, PG-1, CRAMP and BMAP-28) for Leptospira interrogans, Borrelia spp. and Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum were investigated in vitro.

Methods: The MIC of individual peptides was defined as the lowest concentration able to inhibit the motility of spirochaetes after 2 h of incubation, as detected by dark-field microscopy. The MBC of individual peptides was defined as the lowest concentration at which no spirochaetes were subcultured either in cathelicidin-free medium (leptospires and borreliae) or in hamsters (T. pallidum).

Results: The MIC values of peptides for leptospires were highly variable, depending on the compound and the strain used. Of the five cathelicidin-derived peptides, SMAP-29 from sheep and BMAP-28 from cattle were the most active against L. interrogans serovars, with MIC values varying between 3 and 51 mg/L, depending on the strains. The MICs of the remaining synthetic peptides ranged between 4.3 and 224 mg/L. The MIC values of synthetic peptides for T. pallidum ranged between 32.3 mg/L for PG-1 and 449.4 mg/L for LL-37. The MICs of all cathelicidin-derived peptides tested for Borrelia strains ranged between 307 and 449.4 mg/L. The activity of the peptides on the motility of spirochaetes was both dose- and time-dependent. The MBC values of the peptides were the same as the MIC values.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the activity of cathelicidin-derived peptides against spirochaetes is fast and highly variable, depending on the species and the strain.

Keywords: cathelicidin-derived peptide, Borrelia, Leptospira, Treponema

* Corresponding author. Tel: +39-051-429-0913; Fax: +39-051-341632; E-mail: cevenini{at}almadns.unibo.it


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