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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2002) 50, 195-199
© 2002 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

In vitro activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against dermatophytes and other filamentous fungi

K. A. Hammer1,*, C. F. Carson1 and T. V. Riley1,2

1 Department of Microbiology, The University of Western Australia and 2 Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Western Australian Centre for Pathology and Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia

Received 4 November 2001; returned 4 February 2002; revised 1 April 2002; accepted 29 April 2002

The in vitro activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against dermatophytes (n = 106) and filamentous fungi (n = 78) was determined. Tea tree oil MICs for all fungi ranged from 0.004% to 0.25% and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) ranged from <0.03% to 8.0%. Time–kill experiments with 1–4 x MFC demonstrated that three of the four test organisms were still detected after 8 h of treatment, but not after 24 h. Comparison of the susceptibility to tea tree oil of germinated and non-germinated Aspergillus niger conidia showed germinated conidia to be more susceptible than non-germinated conidia. These data demonstrate that tea tree oil has both inhibitory and fungicidal activity.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +61-8-9346-4730; Fax: +61-8-9346-2912; E-mail: khammer{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au


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