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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2001) 48, 425-430
© 2001 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Brief report

Efficacy of azithromycin, clarithromycin and ß-lactam agents against experimentally induced bronchopneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae in mice

Shuichi Miyazaki*,, Toshihiko Fujikawa, Tetsuya Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Tateda and Keizo Yamaguchi

Department of Microbiology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan

Azithromycin is an azalide with potent activity against Haemophilus influenzae including ampicillin-resistant strains. We evaluated the efficacy of azithromycin, clarithromycin and three ß -lactams when used for 1 day only and for 3 days for the treatment of a murine model of bronchopneumonia, using three strains of H. influenzae, two of which were ampicillin resistant. MICs of azithromycin (1–2 mg/L) and clarithromycin (4–8 mg/L) were similar for the three strains. The MICs of cefdinir and cefcapene for ß -lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) H. influenzae were 32 times higher than those for ß-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant and ampicillin-susceptible strains. The viable counts in the infected tissues of azithromycin-treated mice with bronchopneumonia caused by the susceptible strain TUM8, ß -lactamase-positive strain TUH36 and BLNAR strain TUH267 were less than the counts obtained with the other antibiotics used, irrespective of MIC. At a dose of 50 mg/kg, the area under the concentration curve and the half-life of azithromycin in the lungs were respectively three times higher and six times longer than those of clarithromycin. Our results indicate that azithromycin may be useful for both ampicillin-susceptible and ampicillin-resistant bronchopneumonial infections caused by H. influenzae.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +81-3-3762-4151; Fax: +81-3-5493-5415; E-mail: shuichi{at}med.toho-u.ac.jp


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