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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2000) 45, 353-356
© 2000 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Brief reports

Multiple mutations conferring ciprofloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus demonstrate long-term stability in an antibiotic-free environment

Mark E. Jonesa,*, Nienke M. Boeninka, Jan Verhoefa, Karl Köhrerb and Franz-Josef Schmitzb

a Eijkman-Winkler Institute for Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands; b Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany

Two unrelated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, one with a single mutation in grlA, the other with multiple mutations in gyrA, gyrB, grlA, grlB, norA and the norA promoter region, encoding low-level and high-level ciprofloxacin resistance, respectively, were studied. The characterized mutations in these genes were conserved when both strains were passaged for at least 500 generations in an antibiotic-free environment. New, rapidly stabilized mutations and higher MICs were detected for strains passaged in sub-MIC ciprofloxacin concentrations. The seeming irreversibility of quinolone resistance may affect the long-term success of this drug class.

* Present address. MRL Pharmaceutical Services, Den Brielstraat 11, 3554XD Utrecht, The Netherlands. Tel: +31-30-265-1794; Fax: +31-30-265-1784; E-mail: mjones{at}thetsn.com


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