Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1999) 43, Suppl. B, 19-23
© 1999 The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
In-vitro activity of moxifloxacin against fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Enterococcus faecalis
a Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil; b Bayer Pharma, Puteaux, France
MICs of the new fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin, and those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and
sparfloxacin for 19 genetically characterized fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were determined
by
the agar dilution method. The MICs of moxifloxacin for Escherichia isolates with one
mutation in gyrA (corresponding to Ser83
Leu or Asp87Gly
substitution) were 0.25–0.5 mg/L, while those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and
sparfloxacin were
0.06–0.25, 1 and 0.12–0.5 mg/L, respectively. These values were four- to 16-fold
higher than
those of the same antibiotics for the wild-type strain, E. coli KL16. Similar results were
observed with clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. harbouring one mutation in gyrA leading to the substitution of Ser83 by Phe or Tyr. In the presence of two mutations in the E. coli gyrA gene, the MICs of moxifloxacin ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and
sparfloxacin were 2, 0.5, 4 and 1 mg/L, respectively; these were 32 times higher than the MICs
of
these agents for E. coli KL16. The MICs of the four quinolones for triple mutants with
two mutations in gyrA and one in parC were even higher, i.e. 8, 8, 16 and
8–16
mg/L, respectively. The MICs of moxifloxacin for Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni strains with a gyrA mutation leading to Thr86Ile
substitution ranged from 1 to 2 mg/L, while the MICs of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and
sparfloxacin
were 16–32 mg/L, 8–16 and 4–8 mg/L, respectively. For high-level
ciprofloxacin-resistant
(MICs of 32 mg/L) clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with one substitution at
position 83 in GyrA (E. coli coordinates), the MICs of moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and
sparfloxacin were 8–16, 
128 and 32 mg/L respectively. In conclusion, moxifloxacin
and
other fluoroquinolones exhibit
cross-resistance against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci. The in-vitro activity of
moxifloxacin was greater than that of ofloxacin and slightly less than that of ciprofloxacin and
sparfloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae, but greater than those of the three other compounds
tested against Campylobacter spp and E. faecalis.
* Corresponding address. Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 avenue de Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France. Tel: +33-1-49-81-28-28; Fax: +33-1-49-81-28-39.
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